The depression subscale assesses symptoms such as sadness, loss of interest, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns. The anxiety subscale evaluates symptoms such as fear, worry, and physiological arousal. The stress subscale measures symptoms such as irritability, tension, and difficulty relaxing.
The DASS-243, also known as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, is a widely used psychological assessment tool designed to measure the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals. Developed by psychologists Anthony F. Jorm, Robert A. K. MacKinnon, and Mark A. Christensen in the late 1990s, the DASS-243 has become a popular instrument in both research and clinical settings. This article provides an in-depth overview of the DASS-243, its history, development, and applications, as well as its psychometric properties and scoring. DASS-243
The DASS-243 consists of 21 items, with 7 items in each of the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales. Respondents rate the frequency or severity of each symptom on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (did not occur) to 3 (occurred very often). The depression subscale assesses symptoms such as sadness,