Traditional marketing often focuses on the 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion). However, Ramaswamy and Namakumari expand this discussion to reflect the modern service-oriented economy. They incorporate the additional 3Ps—People, Process, and Physical Evidence—recognizing that in services, the delivery is as important as the product itself.
Segmentation: The authors delve deep into demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. They highlight the importance of understanding the "bottom of the pyramid" as well as the rising middle class. marketing management ramaswamy namakumari pdf
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