Monitoring changes in overall vibration levels over time to establish "normal" baselines and trigger alerts when levels exceed ISO or industrial standards. Common Machinery Faults and Their Signatures Fault Type Frequency Signature Typical Direction Unbalance 1x Turning Speed (TS) Radial (Horizontal/Vertical) Misalignment 1x, 2x, and 3x TS Axial and Radial Mechanical Looseness ½, 1½, 2½, etc. or harmonics Bearing Defects Non-synchronous (BPFO, BPFI) High frequency / Broadband Gear Mesh Issues TS x Number of Teeth Radial and Axial
Upon inspection, the grease was found contaminated and separating, with noticeable "dents" or craters on the outer race. Practical Case Studies On Vibration Analysis Pdf
In a cardboard manufacturing facility, routine vibration measurements on a drying cylinder (rotating at 165 RPM) revealed an increase in amplitude on the drive-side bearing. Monitoring changes in overall vibration levels over time
Frequency spectra showed asynchronous peaks at 13.2x order with sidebands, which did not initially match standard fault frequencies for the installed bearing type. In a cardboard manufacturing facility
High-frequency filtering techniques (such as PeakVue or Spike Energy) used to detect early-stage bearing and gear defects by isolating stress waves.